Data parsing with Conform's Conform utility. Apply server-side logic and streamline development with additional UI utilities for efficient form handling.

Improve UX & enable progressive enhancement: Replace form validation & error handling with powerful Zod utility in your app

 Form Submission and Error Handling with Conform & Zod

[00:00] Let's pull open our editor and we're going to swap all this stuff for the ConformParse utility from Conform2Zod. So this is going to give us back a submission object. We're going to say parse

[00:12] and that's coming from Conform2Zod. We're going to pass in our form data and our schema is going to come from our note editor schema right there. And with that now, instead of taking the results

[00:26] and all of that, we have this submission object. This submission object has a couple of properties on it that are not displayed here. So let's just take a look at those. So you've got error, intent, payload, and value. Now we won't be working directly with a couple of these. The payload

[00:46] is like the raw data that was submitted. The error is going to be all of the error messages and stuff. The shape of that will resemble in some ways what we've had before. The intent is going to be a little bit different from the intent that we talked about in a previous workshop. This

[01:01] is something that's specific to Conform that we will be using a little bit later. The value is going to be the properties that were parsed from our form data. If there is no value, then they were not parsed properly. So that's how we're going to know that we had an error is if

[01:20] there is no submission value. So we'll say submission.value. If there was no submission value, then instead of returning the errors, we're going to actually just return the submission. And the cool thing about returning the submission is that because it includes the payload, it's going to

[01:37] send back to the user what they submitted. What that means is if they submitted the form and the JavaScript hadn't loaded yet, we're going to send back that payload. And so they'll be able to look at the changes that they made to the data even through that full page refresh. So this is

[01:54] actually a really cool piece of Zod. Zod is just so committed to progressive enhancement that it handles little things like that. So we're going to need to handle that here in just a moment. And then down here, we'll get submission.value. And all of this is exactly as it was before. So

[02:12] not a whole lot of changes here, really just changing from the Zod parsing to the parsing from Conform and its integration with Zod and then changing how we do our errors a little bit. The UI side is where things get a little bit different, but not too terribly different.

[02:30] So instead of the action errors, field errors, we actually grab that from the action data submission. So that will be right there. And then instead of the form errors, Zod actually

[02:44] encodes form errors in a similar way to the way that the browser handles form errors. And that is with the empty string right there. And so we will add this right there and that'll get us our form

[02:59] errors. And with that, we get the same behavior we had before. So the user has no idea that things are any different. They will work exactly the same way that they always did as far as the user is concerned. But now we have a little bit nicer experience in our action and we've

[03:16] opened ourselves up to making some really great changes to our UI.

Form Data Parsing with Conform

[00:00] Doing this is not my favorite thing Turning our form data into an object that we can then pass to the note editor schema and all of that in this form That's not a huge deal. And in fact in simple forms, we can do something like this. Here's my form Yeah form body

[00:18] Or form objects and you say form or object from entries and now you've got that object and so we could do that And that'll work for simple forms, but I don't really like that I would really prefer to have some utility that can just take the form data object and parse it with a

[00:36] Given schema and that is one of the things that conform can do for us We're going to bring conform in not just for this I don't think it would be worth it if that's all it did It also gives us a lot of really awesome utilities for our UI as well And so we're going to bring in conform We're going to apply this server-side logic to it and then in future steps

[00:56] We will add some of the UI stuff to that conform kind of does a lot of stuff for us that we don't have to Do ourselves so conform is fabulous. I am excited for you to start using it. Let's get going

Forms are the primary mechanism for interactivity on the web.

But for all of their importance, forms can be incredibly frustrating for developers and users alike.

There are a lot of moving parts to consider: 

You need to validate user input and handle complex data structures, while being secure from bots and data-stealing attacks. The UI should inform users of any issues as quickly as possible, and be accessible for all.

The Professional Web Forms Workshop will equip you with the tools to handle all of these challenges and more.

## Form Validation

HTML has several attributes built-in that help with form element validation. Unfortunately, they're not enough on their own. On the client-side, bad actors can bypass checks by manually adding the `novalidate` attribute or making requests directly. On the server side, there's no standard way to respond to validation errors other than a generic 400 status code.

In this section, you'll implement a base level of form validation:

- Essential HTML attributes for validation
- Server-side validation with JSON responses
- Displaying errors with the `useActionData` hook
- Disabling default browser validation messages with `useHydrated`

## Accessibility

Accessibility is often an afterthought, but should be a priority. While forms are just one part of the accessibility equation, they're a big one. In this section, you'll learn how to make sure your forms accessible and usable by all of your application's users:

- Properly associating labels with input fields
- Adding appropriate ARIA attributes when necessary
- Manage keyboard focus in response to errors and user interactions
- Creating and using a `useFocus` hook to direct the user’s focus
- Considerations for accessibility testing

## Schema-Based Validation

Manually writing conditional checks for every field in every form is tedious and error-prone: *Is there content in the field? Is it the right type? Is it within the acceptable range? There must be a better way!*

Fortunately, the combination of the Zod and Conform libraries makes it easy to define reusable declarative schemas to validate form data on the client and server:

- Safely replace HTML validation attributes with schemas
- Zod error handling & message customization
- Progressively enhanced validation with Conform
- Share type-safe validation logic between client and server

## File Uploads

Forms need to support more than just text. Images, videos, audio files, and other documents need a different type of input. Depending on the size of the file, you'll have considerations for how and where it is uploaded. In this section, you'll learn how to handle file uploads in a secure and efficient way:

- Uploading images from an `ImageChooser` component
- Handling file uploads on the server
- Schema validation for file uploads with Zod

## Complex Data Structures

The `FormData` API does not support representing objects or arrays– only key/value pairs. It also won't allow you to nest forms within each other. This makes representing complex data structures difficult without jumping through some hoops. Luckily for us, Conform has a great solution when your forms get complex. Here you'll practice:

- Infer field types with Zod
- Nesting objects as a form
- Represent arrays of fields with the `useFieldList` utility
- Add and remove items with Conform's `intent` buttons

## Spam Prevention with Honeypots

Spam bots are constantly crawling the web, looking for forms to submit junk data to boost their client’s search engine rankings and find holes in your security. This can strain server resources, contaminate databases, and cause other unforeseen consequences. One way to combat this is by using a "honeypot", which will prevent a form from being submitted by a bot. This section will teach you how to:

- Create a simple hidden-field validation
- Add a configurable honeypot instance to an action
- Prevent form submissions that are too fast
- Use environment variables for encryption seeds

## CSRF Protection

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) attacks are a type of malicious exploit where a user is tricked into performing an action they did not intend to. This is usually done by embedding a link or form in a page that the user is already authenticated to. Think of a user logged into their bank account clicking a link that transfers money from their bank account to the attacker's. To prevent this type of attack, you'll want to:

- Create a signed cookie in the user's browser
- Include unique user tokens in forms
- Validate tokens on the server via request headers

## Rate Limiting

You definitely want to prevent bad actors from making tons of requests to try to brute-force their way into your app or cause general chaos. However, malicious intent and spam aren't the only reasons you need to protect your site. Even too many legitimate requests can cause problems. Rate limiting is a way to prevent users from overloading your server with requests. Here you'll learn:

- Considerations for different limits for `GET` vs. `POST` requests
- Implementing basic rate limiting with Express middleware
- Tiered rate limiting depending on which form is being submitted

The Professional Web Forms Workshop will equip you for building complex, fully accessible forms that handle validation and file uploads while preventing spam.

Professional Web Forms

Kent C. Dodds

Full Stack Vol 1

Intro to Professional Web Forms Workshop

Introduction to Workshop

Intro to Form Validation 

Discover the importance of validation in web apps. Learn to implement required field validation for data integrity and UX enhancement.

Leverage HTML attributes for form validation, enhancing UX and accessibility. Explore browser validation and screen reader integration for user guidance.

Form Validation for Accessibility

Required Field Validation for User Input

Implement server-side validation to enhance security and user assistance, preventing client-side bypass. Customize error messages for a seamless design.

Master server-side form validation for data integrity and user-friendly error messages. Enhance UX by securely validating input before server processing.

Server-Side Form Validation and Error Handling

Server-side Validation and Custom Error Messages

Prevent incorrect form submissions pre-JavaScript with novalidate attribute using useHydrated hook. Elevate UX, maintain data integrity.

Optimize form validation with 'useHydrated' hook for client-side hydration. Enhance UX with browser-built and server-side validation synergy.

Form Validation with Client-Side Hydration

Dynamic Error Validation with Hooks

Dad Joke Break From Validation

Form Validation

Intro to Accessibility

Learn how to troubleshoot and fix issues with a non-functioning reset button and accessibility problems in a web form.

Learn how to properly associate buttons and form elements, such as the reset button, with their respective forms for improved functionality and accessibility.

Improving Accessibility and Form Associations

Fixing Form Reset Button and Accessibility Issues

Associate error messages with input fields via ARIA attributes for precise screen reader notifications. Learn about semantic HTML and ARIA for accessibility.

Use ARIA attributes like ARIA invalid & describedby. Link error messages to inputs for improved screen reader support, aiding assistive tech users.

Accessible Forms with ARIA Attributes

Error Messages and Accessibility with ARIA Attributes

Enhance app accessibility & UX with focus management: auto-focus error fields, programmable forms, & better editing. Create an inclusive, user-friendly app.

Enhance React app accessibility and UX: auto-focus form inputs and navigate to error messages for improved handling of form errors.

Managing Focus for Form Errors

Focus Management for Better User Experience

Dad Break Joke Accessibility

Accessibility

Intro to Schema Validation

Optimize development with Zod schema validation. Boost efficiency and code robustness, replacing custom logic for an enhanced developer experience. 

Learn how to implement schema validation using Zod in a note editor application. Discover how to define and enforce data

Schema Validation with Zod 

Schema Validation 

Enhance UI with Conform's React utilities for end-to-end type safety. Leverage progressive enhancement for a fabulous development experience.

Eliminate custom code for better UX. Seamlessly manage form submission and client-side validation with Conform, ensuring robust server-side validation

Simplifying Form Handling with Conform and Schema Validation

Type Safety with Conform

Dad Joke Break Schema Validation

Schema Validation

Intro to File Upload

Add file upload to edit page for user-friendly image & file attachments. Handle uploads in Remix, enforcing size limits. 

Integrate image upload with form data and memory handling. Use image chooser, manage existing images, set encoding, size limit, and specify alt text. 

Image Upload with Form Data and Memory Upload Handling

File Upload Functionality 

Improve code quality and address TypeScript errors for a robust application, making Lily the life jacket (and yourself) happy.

Update schema for image ID, alt text, and file uploads. Master file validation with Zod for size restrictions and error handling on client & server sides. 

Validating File Uploads with Zod Schema in a Web Application

TypeScript Integration

Dad Joke Break File Upload

File Upload

Intro to Complex Structures 

Address challenges in grouping properties into sub-objects in forms, especially for multiple image uploads. Satisfy Zod's requirements for seamless integration.

Learn to add image field set schema to Zod schema, update HTML elements, and integrate with Conform for type safety and form functionality. 

Implementing Image Field Set with Conform and TypeScript

Grouping and Managing Related Fields in Form Objects

Update your app's schema for multiple images, adapt actions/components, and enable seamless addition/removal of multiple images for an enhanced user experience.

Master dynamic image lists with Qualifax: add and remove images effortlessly. Update schema, implement field sets, and iterate through image choosers with ease.

Dynamic Image Lists with Field Sets 

Multiple Image Uploading 

Dynamic image addition and deletion with alt text functionality, progressive enhancements, and input submission using Conform utilities in web development

Master dynamic button generation for form accessibility using Conform utilities. Modify field sets with list functions, explore progressive enhancement.

Dynamically Delete and Add Buttons

 Interactive Image Management

Dad Joke Break Complex Structures 

Complex Structures

Intro to Honeypot

Add a hidden input field honeypot to deter spam bots, enhance deliverability, and prevent spam issues. Explore additional tips for form security.

Boost sign-up form security with invisible honeypot fields to catch spam bots. Discover effective techniques for handling bot submissions in your app.

Honeypot Fields in Sign Up Forms

Adding a Honeypot to Protect Against Spam Bots

Protect your website from spam bots with automatic updates to Honeypot configurations.

Enhance security with Remix Utils Honeypot fields. Customize divs, ARIA, and server-side validation to deter spam. Best practices for errors and HTTP codes.

Honeypot Fields for Form Security

Honeypot Protection with `remix-utils`

Efficiently implement Honeypot security on forms: Transfer server data to client for reliable bot protection.

Implement honeypot protection: Create provider, configure props, render components, prevent quick form submission, thwart automated bots.

Honeypot Protection

Honeypots for Form Security 

Ensure consistent Honeypot encryption secret across servers and regions for form data integrity and conflict avoidance

Securely add honeypot secret to server validation, configure in local .env for data protection.

Setting Up Honeypot Security for Server Environment Variables

Consistent Encryption with Honeypot Server

Dad Joke Break Honeypot

Honeypot

Intro to CSRF

Implement CSRF protection: Generate tokens, set secure cookies, associate with clients, and use environment variables.

Implement Node.js CSRF utility: Generate tokens, secure cookies, prevent cross-site request forgery attacks.  

Creating and Managing CSRF Tokens With Node.js

CSRF Protection with Cookies 

Protect user data with authenticity tokens: Render, verify, and enhance user experience.

Secure forms with Authenticity Token input and CSRF validation for protection against tampering. Improve security and error responses.

Security with Authenticity Token and CSRF Validation

Authenticity With Token Protection 

Dad Joke Break CSRF

Cross-Site Request Forgery

Intro to Rate Limit 

Learn how to implement rate limiting middleware in Express for efficient resource management in your server.

Safeguarding Your Server: Adding Rate Limit Configuration

Optimizing Your Express Server with Rate Limiting Middleware

Implement tiered rate limiting: Strong for sign-up/login, moderate for posts, and general defense. Custom middleware assigns tiers.

Professional Web Forms

Professional Web Forms

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Form Data Parsing with Conform

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